Class 01
lecture 1
lecture 3
Assignment 01
Questions
Class 07
1 Conceptual Change
1.1 do we change our coneptual schemes while learning?
2 examples of 'shock'
about homeopathy
how could everything be universals? (plato)
counter intuitive character of scienfitic principles
principles cannot be obtained directly from experience
3 epistemic break
we need to spend some 'energy' to overcome that period
4 which of the elements do we experience directly
earth, water, air and fire
5 metals
gold, mercury,
6 we discovered fire
we burn anything that we face
when we burn substance transforms
7 Alchemists project was to convert everything into gold
any substance can be converted into gold;
8 are these metals simple or complex?
metals are complex;
air is simple.
9 differentiation of air
10 Boyle
definition of an element
combination and separation
synthesis and analysis
he gave an operational definition of what an element is: something that cannot be separated anymore by chemical means.
11 craftsmen and their role in science
12 different gases have different weight
some are lighter than others
13 different gases behave differently with fire
Priestley
14 paradigm case/example
mercury turns into calx when you heat.
calx turns into mercury when you heat.
15 the weight of the calx is more than mercury
phlogiston
16 Lavoisier
he used light as a source of heat.
17 interpretation of results
negative is a bad idea
all elements have mass
balancing the both sides of a reaction;
using reversible reaction;
18 next experiment is with iron and steam
Stefen Toulmin, Butte .. The Architecture of Matter:
19 interpretation of substance and its manifestations
20 interpretation of science and its products
21 philosophy of science history of science becomes a substance, so to speak.
Date: 2009-10-20 11:46:13 IST
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